‘Keeping Them Down’

Artificial livers--what's keeping them?

Keeping Them on the Field

M usculoskeletal injuries are an integral part of many sports. Contact sports seem to produce the most, with football, hockey, soccer, and basketball leading the way. As athletes compete and push themselves to improve, sprains, strains, contusions, and other injuries become part of the daily routine. Those often attending to these athletes with regular aches and pains are athletic trainers, phy...

Build them up and break them down

Tight junctions (TJs) of cells expressing simple epithelial polarity have been extensively studied, but less is known about TJs of cells expressing complex polarity. In this paper we analyzed, TJs of four different lines, that form bile canaliculi (BC) and express typical hepatocyte polarity; WIF-B9, 11-3, Can 3-1, Can 10. Striking differences were observed in claudin expression. None of the ce...

Vena caval filters: keeping big clots down.

Vena caval filters: keeping big clots down Pulmonary emboli are usually unexpected, and research has concentrated on eliminating the source, deep vein thrombosis .' Once a deep vein thrombosis has developed we rely heavily on anticoagulation, even though evidence that this works is poor.2 Surgeons have thus been attracted by the idea of trapping clots in the leg or pelvic veins, where they are ...

Keeping the Noise Down in ES Cells

A new report (Szutorisz et al., 2006) suggests that embryonic stem (ES) cells adopt an unusual strategy to remain perpetually poised for differentiation. Apparently, ES cells use the proteasome to target transcriptional preinitiation complexes, thus minimizing transcriptional noise at genes that promote differentiation.